Сорбционная очистка фенолсодержащих сточных вод кремний- и углеродсодержащими материалами
Аннотация
В работе исследована сорбция фенола из водных растворов кремний- и углеродсодержащими материалами, полученными в различных условиях из рисовой шелухи и соломы. Показано, что сорбционная активность по фенолу для образов, полученных пиролизом рисовой шелухи в промышленных условиях, составила 39%. Кремний- и углеродсодержащие материалы, синтезированные окислительным обжигом в лабораторных условиях, не поглощают фенол. Продукты пиролиза имеют сложное строение и находятся в аморфном и аморфно-кристаллическом состоянии. Кинетические исследования показали, что сорбция фенола лимитируется двумя стадиями – с одной стороны внутренней и внешней диффузией, с другой – химическим взаимодействием с поверхностными активными группами образцов. Термодинамические параметры указывают на то, что процесс является самопроизвольным (ΔG298 < 0) и экзотермическим (ΔH < 0), подвижность молекулы фенола уменьшается при адсорбции (ΔS < 0). Обработка изотерм адсорбции фенола по моделям Фрейндлиха, Дубинина-Астахова, Ленгмюра и БЭТ показала, что сорбция определяется нековалентными взаимодействиями адсорбат-адсорбент. Установлено, что при увеличении pH поглотительная способность снижается, что обусловлено формой нахождения фенола (в виде молекулы или фенолят-иона). Низкая степень десорбции фенола дистиллированной водой и раствором гидроксида натрия подтверждает сильное взаимодействие фенола с поверхностью материалов, которое зависит от времени контакта и среды раствора.
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