Adsorption of surfactants on sands and their role in environmental barriers
Abstract
Surfactant contamination poses many environmental challenges. Soil, sand, clay play an important role in the preservation of the ecosystem, due to their natural characteristics. To assess the ecological barrier role of sands, in this work, we investigated the absorption characteristics of sands in relation to sodium tetra- and hexadecyl sulfates and sodium oleate. The kinetics and equilibrium conditions for the adsorption of surfactants on quartz and quartz-corundum sands have been studied. Sand samples were taken in the coastal zones of a number of rivers in Vietnam, as well as on the shores of Bacbo Bay. The results obtained show that quartz sands well retain surfactants on their surface. With an increase in the content of corundum in the sands, their absorption capacity decreases. The paper studies the influence of the hydrodynamic Reynolds criterion and the height of the sand layer during filtration on the retention capacity of sands in relation to surfactants. It is shown that, in addition to the ratio of Al2O3 and SiO2, important factors affecting the adsorption characteristics of sands are the average size of sand grains, layer thickness during filtration, and flow rate. To describe the adsorption process, the Langmuir model and pseudo-second order kinetic equations are correct. It has been proven that sands, by their natural qualities, play an important role in the protection of coastal zones in relation to such pollutants as surfactants.
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