Technology for water purification from long-lived radionuclides and heavy metals using polyurethane foam derived nanostructured sorbent
Abstract
The paper presents results of investigating a possibility of water purification from radionuclides and heavy metals with the help of preliminarily synthesized sorption material based on polyurethane foam impregnated with a mixture of iron(III) oxyhydroxide and manganese dioxide fixed on a plate, with nanostructured particles in the entire volume of the sorption material. The studies were carried out on 1) model systems prepared by addition of metal salts and radionuclides (initial levels: Pb2+ – 5 mg/l, Hg2+ – 1 mg/l, Cd2+ – 10 mg/l, Cu2+ – 50 mg/l, 238U – 10 mg/l, 137Cs – 100 Bq/l, 242Pu – 5 Bq/l), and 2) field experiment samples of water from surface water bodies. The concentration of metals and radionuclides in the purified model solutions was found to decrease significantly, up to one–two orders as compared to the initial level. As for the field samples, the concentration of contaminants before purification was 2–3 orders lower than in the model solutions, and after purification, the residual content of metals and radionuclides in the filtrate varied at the level of detection limits of instruments applied. Comparison of two methods of purification of the model samples (sorption and coprecipitation) gave comparable results. However, the use of the developed sorbent provides significant advantages in terms of expressity (several hours instead of several days), simplification of the water treatment procedure, and the possibility of using sorption material for any form of filtering device, which is especially valuable for field applications. The proposed method can be used at the preliminary water purification step, especially in emergency situations.
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