Современные аналитические методы контроля химической безопасности. Обзор

  • Е. И. Савельева Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие «Научно-исследовательский институт гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека» Федерального медико-биологического агентства, Ленинградская обл., Россия
  • М. А. Ленинский Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие «Научно-исследовательский институт гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека» Федерального медико-биологического агентства, Ленинградская обл., Россия
  • И. А. Васильева Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие «Научно-исследовательский институт гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека» Федерального медико-биологического агентства, Ленинградская обл., Россия
Ключевые слова: экологическая экспертиза, токсичные органические соединения, продукты трансформации, приоритизация, корреляции структура-активность, жидкостная хроматография-масс-спектрометрия.

Аннотация

Актуальной задачей обеспечения химической безопасности является разработка современных методов аналитического контроля, способных своевременно с высокой точностью и надежностью выявлять и идентифицировать токсичность химических соединений в различных источниках. В обзоре рассмотрены современные проблемы санитарно-химической экспертизы, среди которых – необходимость расширения номенклатуры контролируемых соединений и учета продуктов их химической трансформации, часто более токсичных, чем исходные вещества, а также необходимость учета комплексного воздействия опасных веществ на живые организмы и природную среду. Обсуждается подход согласованного химического и токсикологического анализа, сочетающий обзорный и целевой анализ с методами биотестирования. Рассмотрены инновационные подходы при проведении экспертизы, такие как метод корреляции структура–свойства, приоритизация наиболее опасных веществ, направления развития методологии обнаружения и идентификации органических соединений в различных объектах. Большие ожидания связаны с совершенствованием способов оценки токсичности in silico. Подчеркивается, что при обнаружении, идентификации, многоцелевом скрининге и количественном определении токсичных органических соединений возрастает роль высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии–масс-спектрометрии. Предложены возможные направления реформирования концепции контроля химической безопасности в РФ.

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Опубликован
2020-06-28
Как цитировать
Савельева, Е. И., Ленинский, М. А., & Васильева, И. А. (2020). Современные аналитические методы контроля химической безопасности. Обзор. Химическая безопасность, 4(1), 8 - 30. https://doi.org/10.25514/CHS.2020.1.17001
Раздел
Индикация и идентификация опасных веществ