Решение экологических проблем накопления твердых бытовых отходов переработкой золы, образующейся при их сжигании. Обзор
Аннотация
В условиях стремительного роста объемов твердых бытовых отходов (ТБО) и связанных с этим серьезных экологических проблем, становится очевидной необходимость совершенствования системы управления отходами, которая является одной из наиболее значимых проблем, стоящих перед человечеством в настоящее время. Предложенная статья представляет собой аналитический обзор, посвященный снижению негативного воздействия на окружающую среду от накопления ТБО посредством вовлечения золы сжигания ТБО в производство строительных материалов. С точки зрения экологической оценки качества получаемого продукта, уделено особое внимание вопросу подготовки летучей золы (золы-уноса) предварительной очисткой от присутствующих в ней хлоридов, диоксинов, тяжелых металлов. Показано влияние параметров процесса на эффективность детоксикации золы. Помимо способов раздельного извлечения перечисленных вредных компонентов представлен комбинированный способ восстановления растворимых солей летучей золы, удаления тяжелых металлов и снижения диффузии диоксинов. Представлены технологии, иллюстрирующие возможность использования подготовленной золы-уноса и кубовой золы сжигания ТБО для использования ее в строительных материалах.
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