Emissions of hydrogen fluoride into the atmosphere and its toxicological effect on natural objects ‒ a review
Abstract
The article considers possible sources of hydrogen fluoride emissions into the environment. The mechanisms of toxic effect of HF on living organisms were analyzed. Regulatory documents to limit such emissions were reviewed. Inconsistency of norms on the class of hydrogen fluoride hazard has been revealed, which leads to violation of labour conditions of the production personnel. It has been shown that hydrogen fluoride is a particularly dangerous toxicant (universal enzyme poison) in the environment. It is justified that hydrogen fluoride should be classified as a substance of the first hazard class.
References
State report “On the state and protection of the environment of the Russian Federation in 2021 https://www.mnr.gov.ru/docs/gosudarstvennye_doklady/gosudarstvennyy_doklad_o_sostoyanii_i_ob_okhrane_okruzhayushchey_sredy_rossiyskoy_federatsii_v_2021_/. (accessed 10.03.2024). (in Russ).
Frumin G.T. (2018). Toxicity of chemicals to humans. Uchenye zapiski RGGMU, (41), 188‒198. (in Russ).
Gornostaeva E.A., Fuks S.L. (2017). The effect of fluorinated compounds on living organisms (Review). Theoretical and Applied Ecology, (1), 14‒24. EDN: ZHCBDV. (in Russ).
Gromov O.B., Prokudin V.K. (2008). Environmental hazards of gas emissions from aluminum production plants. Ecology and Industry of Russia, (10), 16‒19. (in Russ).
Linge I.I., Novikov S.M., Shashina T.A. et al. (2007). Analysis of risks to public health from exposure to environmental factors of various natures in the area where the Siberian Chemical Plant is located. Gigiena i sanitaria, (5), 49‒51. (in Russ).
Onoprienko M.G. (2004). Fluorine in the environment: edge of danger. Ecology and Industry of Russia, (5), 23‒27. (in Russ).
Saltykova M.M., Balakaeva A.V., Fedichkina T.P. and Bobrovnitsky I.P. (2020). Main causes of death due to air pollution. Gigiena i sanitaria, 99(4), 337‒343. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-4-337-343. (in Russ).
Vekovshinina S.A., Klein S.V., Zhdanova-Zaplesvichko I.G. and Chetvyorkina K.V. (2018). The quality of the habitat and the health risk of the population living under the influence of emissions from non-ferrous metallurgy and woodworking industries Gigiena i sanitaria, 97(1), 16‒20. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2018-97-1-16-20. (in Russ).
Zaitseva N.V., May I.V. (2021). Main results, prospects for applying and improving health risk assessment for the population of Siberian cities - participants in the Clean Air project (Bratsk, Norilsk, Krasnoyarsk, Chita) Gigiena i sanitaria, 100(5), 519‒527. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-5-519-527. (in Russ).
SanPiN 2.1.3684-21. (in Russ).
Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses dated December 30, 2001 No. 195-FZ (as amended on December 12, 2023). (in Russ).
Smirnova V.M., Borisov A.V., Borisova G.N. and Ivashkin E.G. (2019). Toxicology: industrial and environmental aspects. Textbook allowance. Nizhny Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod. state tech. University named after R.E. Alekseeva. (in Russ).
Zhukova A.G., Gorokhova L.G., Kiseleva A.V. Sazontova T.G., Mikhailova N.N. (2018). Experimental study of the effect of low concentrations of fluoride on the level of HSP family proteins in tissues. Gigiena i sanitaria, 97(7), 604‒608. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2018-97-7-604-608. (in Russ).
Kalyuzhnaya E.E., Prosekov A.Yu. and Volobaev V.P. (2020). Genotoxic properties of fluoride ion. Gigiena i sanitaria, 99(3), 253‒258. (in Russ).
Rozhkov A.S., Mikhailova T.A. (1989). The effect of fluorine-containing emissions on coniferous trees. Novosibirsk: Nauka. (in Russ).
Mirzakarimova M.A. (2017). Comparative hygienic assessment of the combined effect of complex mixtures of chemical air pollutants. Gigiena i sanitaria, 96(6), 528‒531. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2017-96-6-528-531. (in Russ).
Gromov B.V. (1978). Introduction to the chemical technology of uranium. M.: Atomizdat. (in Russ).
Nizkodubova S.V. (1999). Development of OBUV (MPC) for phosphorus pentafluoride under working area conditions. In the collection of reports of the 5th Scientific and Technical Committee of the Siberian Chemical Combine. Section 3. Seversk: NIKI SKhK, p. 328. (in Russ).
Shevtsova N.M., Nizkodubova S.V., Kozlov Yu.A. et al (1999). Iodine heptafluoride and its effect on peripheral blood in the experiment. In the collection of reports of the 5th Scientific and Technical Committee of the Siberian Chemical Combine. Section 3. Seversk: NIKI SKhK, Р. 328. (in Russ).
Babenko S.P., Badin A.V. (2021). On a calculation method for assessing human exposure to the products of hydrolysis of uranium hexafluoride. Gigiena i sanitaria, 100(1), 13‒18. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-1-13-18. (in Russ).
Safety Passport of JSC “PA ECP”. RPB No. 07623106.20.77128. (in Russ).
Safety data sheet for the substance HF-RUS-60 “Hydrogen fluoride”. BKGroup LLC, 02.13.2021. (in Russ).
Safety data sheet for the substance "Hydrogen fluoride". OOO SIAD Rus. BMP Index: 00070_LIQ. PBM Ref: 00070_LIQ. (in Russ).
Coleman P., Mascarenhas R., Rumsby P. (2005). Science report «A Review of the Toxicity and Environmental Behaviour of Hydrogen Fluoride in Air». Bristol: Environment Agency, Rio House, Waterside Drive, Aztec West, Almondsbury. https://www.fluoridealert.org/wp-content/uploads/uk.hf_.2006.pdf.
Basurov V.A., Zaznobina N.I. Chemical safety. (2016). Textbook allowance. Nizhny Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod State University. (in Russ).
Guidelines for conducting research to study irritant properties and justify the maximum permissible concentrations of selectively active irritants in the air of the work area. Approved deputy Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the USSR August 11, 1980 No. 2196-80. (in Russ).
Lazarev N.V., Gadaskina I.D. (1977). Harmful chemicals. Reference textbook. L.: Khimiya. (in Russ).
Gromov O.B. (2023). Separation of a gas mixture containing uranium hexafluoride, hydrogen fluoride, and chlorine trifluoride. Atomic Energy, 133(5–6), 301‒306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10512-023-01012-4.
GOST 12.1.005-88 (2008). System of labour safety standards. General sanitary-hygienic requirements for the air of the working zone. Moscow: Standardinform. (in Russ).
Anshits A.G., Polyakov P.V., Kucherenko A.V. et al. (1991). Ecological aspects of aluminum production by electrolysis. Analytical review. Novosibirsk: GPNTB SB AS USSR. (in Russ).
Copyright (c) 2024 Oleg B. Gromov, Mikhail Yu. Kornienko, Sergey O. Travin, Mariya L. Akhtyamova, and Peter I. Mikheev
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
