Modern approaches to the development of efficient organized microheterogeneous surfactant-based systems for decomposition of organophosphorus compounds – a review

Т.М. Прокопьева; А.Б. Миргородская; И.А. Белоусова; Т.М. Зубарева; М.К. Туровская; Б.В. Панченко; Н.Г. Разумова; Т.С. Гайдаш; В.А. Михайлов

doi:10.25514/CHS.2021.2.20001

Т.М. Прокопьева Государственное учреждение «Институт физико-органической химии и углехимии им. Л.М. Литвиненко», Донецк, Украина https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0867-7449
А.Б. Миргородская Институт органической и физической химии им. А.Е. Арбузова, ФРЦ Казанский научный центр РАН, Казань, Россия https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5594-0679
И.А. Белоусова Государственное учреждение «Институт физико-органической химии и углехимии им. Л.М. Литвиненко», Донецк, Украина https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1534-5506
Т.М. Зубарева Государственное учреждение «Институт физико-органической химии и углехимии им. Л.М. Литвиненко», Донецк, Украина https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1858-4609
М.К. Туровская Государственное учреждение «Институт физико-органической химии и углехимии им. Л.М. Литвиненко», Донецк, Украина https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4129-0270
Б.В. Панченко Государственное учреждение «Институт физико-органической химии и углехимии им. Л.М. Литвиненко», Донецк, Украина
Н.Г. Разумова Государственное учреждение «Институт физико-органической химии и углехимии им. Л.М. Литвиненко», Донецк, Украина https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5063-1383
Т.С. Гайдаш Государственное учреждение «Институт физико-органической химии и углехимии им. Л.М. Литвиненко», Донецк, Украина https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6430-2433
В.А. Михайлов Государственное учреждение «Институт физико-органической химии и углехимии им. Л.М. Литвиненко», Донецк, Украина https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4184-1805

DOI: https://doi.org/10.25514/CHS.2021.2.20001

Ключевые слова: фосфорорганические соединения, катионные и дикатионные ПАВ, мицеллярный катализ

Аннотация

Выяснение закономерностей влияния организованных сред на реакционную способность органических соединений, установление количественных закономерностей «структура–свойство–мицеллярные эффекты» и поиск путей модификации и функционализации микроорганизованных систем открывают широкие перспективы управления скоростями химических реакций. Решение такой задачи напрямую связано с минимизацией актов террористического воздействия и техногенных аварий. Разложение субстратов-экотоксикантов предполагает использование реакционной среды, удовлетворяющей критериям «Green chemistry», что является необходимым условием, и таковыми выступают растворы ПАВ. Для создания высокоэффективных организованных микрогетерогенных систем (ОМС) для катализа на основе димерных ПАВ были реализованы три следующих направления. Первое – варьирование структуры катионных ПАВ в реакциях щелочного гидролиза. Второе – конструирование ПАВ с реакционноспособным противоионом (дигалогенгалогенат) – системы широкого спектра действия, одновременно выступающей источником нуклеофильно-окислительного реагента и реализующей преимущества ОМС. Третье – формирование функционализированных наноразмерных ансамблей, обладающих на порядки более высокой эффективностью, чем не функционализированные. Мицеллярные эффекты в реакциях разложения 4-нитрофениловых эфиров диэтилфосфоновой, диэтилфосфорной и толуолсульфоновой кислот достигают ~ 10² (щелочной гидролиз) – 10⁴ раз (системы на основе функционализированных ПАВ). При этом основной вклад в наблюдаемое ускорение при переносе процесса из воды в мицеллярную псевдофазу вносят эффекты концентрирования реагентов и изменение нуклеофильной реакционной способности. В этом случае важное значение имеют гидрофобные свойства ПАВ и субстратов, природа катионной части головной группы и мостикового звена.

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