Возможные пути решения проблемы обеспечения экологической безопасности производства нитроцеллюлозных порохов
Аннотация
Представлен анализ проблемы обеспечения экологической безопасности производства нитроцеллюлозных порохов на основе целлюлозного сырья природного происхождения. Для обеспечения экологической безопасности производства порохов, диверсификации сырьевой базы и сокращения количества отходов предложено два способа –
использовать в качестве их полимерной основы синтетическую целлюлозу или полимеры на основе полинитротриазолов различной структуры. Показана принципиальная возможность получения нитратов целлюлозы с содержанием азота не менее 13,4% из синтетической целлюлозы, и исследована структура полученных образцов по сравнению с целлюлозой различного типа. Оба способа замены природной целлюлозы на синтетические материалы могут обеспечить снижение объема токсичных отходов, однако использование полинитротриазолов помимо экологической безопасности производства будет также способствовать существенному увеличению энергетических характеристик порохов.
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